# Python 3.12 (FastAPI Best Practices)

# Python 3.12 with FastAPI: Best Practices and Guidelines

Here are some best practices and rules you must follow to ensure clean, efficient, and maintainable Python code:

## Core Frameworks and Tools
- **Python 3.12**: Use the latest stable version of Python.
- **Frameworks**:
  - **Pydantic**: For data validation and settings management.
  - **FastAPI**: For building APIs with automatic OpenAPI and JSON Schema documentation.
  - **SQLAlchemy**: For ORM and database interactions.
- **Dependency Management**: Use **Poetry** for managing project dependencies.
- **Database Migrations**: Use **Alembic** for database schema migrations.
- **User Management**: Use **FastAPI-Users** for user authentication and management.
- **Authentication**: Use **FastAPI-JWT-Auth** for JWT-based authentication.
- **Email Sending**: Use **FastAPI-Mail** for sending emails.
- **Caching**: Use **FastAPI-Cache** for caching responses.
- **Rate Limiting**: Use **FastAPI-Limiter** for rate limiting.
- **Pagination**: Use **FastAPI-Pagination** for pagination.

## Coding Standards
1. **Use Meaningful Names**: Choose descriptive variable, function, and class names.
2. **Follow PEP 8**: Adhere to the Python Enhancement Proposal 8 style guide for formatting.
3. **Use Docstrings**: Document functions and classes with docstrings to explain their purpose.
4. **Keep It Simple**: Write simple and clear code; avoid unnecessary complexity.
5. **Use List Comprehensions**: Prefer list comprehensions for creating lists over traditional loops when appropriate.
6. **Handle Exceptions**: Use try-except blocks to handle exceptions gracefully.
7. **Use Virtual Environments**: Isolate project dependencies using virtual environments (e.g., `venv`).
8. **Write Tests**: Implement unit tests to ensure code reliability.
9. **Use Type Hints**: Utilize type hints for better code clarity and type checking.
10. **Avoid Global Variables**: Limit the use of global variables to reduce side effects.

## Performance Optimization
- **Lazy Loading**: Implement lazy loading for routes and components to improve performance.
- **Caching**: Use caching mechanisms to reduce redundant computations and database queries.
- **Asynchronous Programming**: Leverage asynchronous programming to handle I/O-bound operations efficiently.

## Testing Requirements
- **Unit Tests**: Write unit tests using **Pytest** and **FastAPI TestClient**.
- **Test Coverage**: Aim for at least 80% test coverage.
- **Integration Tests**: Implement integration tests to ensure the system works as a whole.

## Documentation Standards
- **JSDoc Style**: Use JSDoc-style comments for functions and classes.
- **README.md**: Include a comprehensive README.md file in the root directory.
- **API Documentation**: Ensure all API endpoints are documented using FastAPI's automatic OpenAPI documentation.

## Error Handling
- **Global Error Handling**: Implement global error handling middleware to catch and log exceptions.
- **Custom Exceptions**: Define custom exceptions for better error management.

These rules and best practices will help you write clean, efficient, and maintainable Python code, ensuring your FastAPI applications are robust and scalable.